"the Collatz Conjecture" aka "the 3X + 1 problem".
Let f(x) be a function defined on the positive integers such that:
f(x) = x/2 if x is even
f(x) = (3*x+1)/2 if x is odd
Then the conjecture is: iterates of f(x) will eventually reach 1 for any
initial value of x.
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