What type of power supply do you have? What type of games do you like to play? I ask because these are the questions that could determine what you should do. The 500 series and 400 series have the same features (DX11 support, etc..) and are basically based off the same Fermi GPU technology, made using the 40nm process. The 500 series is a refresh/revamp of the 400 series.
A GTX 480 is a very powerful card, just about on par with a GTX 570. I don't see a reason to buy a 480 though, since a 570 usually performs plus or minus 2-3 percent of the 480, usually costs less, uses less power, and runs cooler. It's just a better overall card. The only real advantage that the 480 has is that it has slightly more VRAM and more memory bandwidth, which can help in some high resolution scenarios with high AA/AF. Between the 2, I'd pick the 570 though. It made the GTX 480 nearly obsolete at the prices that they are selling for. If you have a monster PSU and could get one for $320 or less, I'd say go for it. Otherwise, get the 570 or 560 Ti.
The GTX 560 Ti is more or less a replacement for the GTX 470 and/or the GTX 460 1GB. The beauty of the 560 is that they can almost all overclock to where they can match or nearly match a GTX 570's performance in most games, while costing much less. You lose a bit of VRAM and a bit of tessellation muscle with the GF 104/114-based card (460 and 560 Ti) versus the GF100 and 110-based monsters (470, 480, 570, 580).
In reality the best bang-for-the-buck is still to get a GTX 460 1GB and overclock it. This may not provide enough muscle for some people's needs in certain games, but for $180 to $200 it's tough to go wrong since you can surpass a GTX 470 in performance with a pretty quick OC. It sounds to me like you are shooting for more in the $340 to $400 price range, so the GTX 570 is probably better for you.
The idea is this- 580 > 570/480 > 560 > 470 > 460 (until you OC. They OC like a mother and the 1GB version can easily surpass the GTX 470 in most cases).
About your CPU- It will hold it's own in many newer games, but will hold a GTX 400/500 back in games that like multi-core CPUs. Games like Bad Company 2, SC2, and other titles that really need a nice triple or quad-core CPU to run at their best will expose the E8400, making it a bottleneck to a nice GPU like you're considering. Most E8400's overclock very well though, and can hit 3.7 to 4.1ghz without too much trouble. You will gain a good chunk of performance by going that route if you're not in a position to upgrade your CPU/mobo, etc.. now. It all depends on your budget.
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