[QUOTE="MrGeezer"][QUOTE="Smaug84"][QUOTE="MrGeezer"][QUOTE="Smaug84"][QUOTE="MrGeezer"][QUOTE="Schwah"]Take something as seemingly simple as murder. Is murder right or wrong? Many of us would say that murder is wrong. Okay, what about when you or your family is being attacked? Is it okay to kill another human being then? What about capital punishment? What about killing an enemy combatant during war time? What about a sacrifice for the greater good? What about killing that rat bastard who killed your little girl?
Smaug84
But NONE of those situations are defined as murder except for the last one (and possibly the next-to-last one, though I'm not sure since that's too vague a description).
And yes, if you intentionally go kill someone who killed someone you love, you can be charged with murder. Because unlike capital punishment and killing as part of a national military, vengeance killings are seen as going AGAINST the common good. Vigilantism is seen as being detrimental to the common good, that's why it's still illegal.
Isn't there situations throughout history where military battles could be considered nothing more then massive amounts of vengeance killings?
Of course. I never said that morality is always impleneted correctly. It is often misapplkied, and we have a tendency to stick to old moral codes after they have outlived tgheir usefulness.
But when you get down to the SOURCE, almost everything that everyone considers the "right" thing to do has it's basis in a moral code that has clear and definite benefits. People don't just say "this is right and this is wrong" just for the hell of it.
I'm going to have to disagree with you about the source of morality. Personally I think the source of morality came from laws that have existed throughout history, as such crimes like rape when committed by those in the military tended to not be considered important by the state that sponsored the trooper, except in obvious cases like raping the governor's daughter etc.
Personally though I tend to look at the origins of morality through nihilistic lenses. Take situations where children were raised feral, they have no morality, and they exhibit many characteristics that aided them in surviving in the wilderness. So we can verify that children are blank slates when it comes morality.
As for universal constants in morality which I assume you imply by the "SOURCE" is nothing more then a fabrication created by men who dream of a faux utopian world. Issues like constant warfare, rape, cannibalism etc, have been proven to vary according to various cultures as they laid their morality down throughout history. For instance the Asmat before they were integrated into world civilisation by the Europeans & Indonesians; they mysteriously had no problem with cannibalism, in fact they considered it a duty when certain actions occured. While the Yanomano tribe in South America has some of the largest death rates for their young men to constant warfare. And the Dani have the interesting custom of cutting off a finger of female relatives when a child dies in their family. I don't find it interesting because of some odd sadistic joy, instead it comes from the uniqueness of their culture.
Now I probably miscontrued your argument Geezer, and I apologize if that occured. Oddly enough I end up unintentionally creating strawmen at times because of my wandering mind. So if I did create a strawman take it in stride and use my argument to broaden the discussion. :)
As far as feral children goes, I have a question...how likely is it for a feral child to produce offspring? Compared to a child raised in civilation, how likely is a feral child to live to reproductive maturity? Furthermore, if a feral child does manage to live to reproductive maturity, how like is it to ever actually produce offspring?
Children may be more or less blank slates, but certain slates are far more likely to be evolutionary dead ends. Adopting certain characteristics may help a person survive in harsh conditions, but that is ultimately irrelavent if those same traits keep that person from procreating. Whether you live to 70 or die in the womb, if you don't reproduce then you are an evolutionary dead end. Your contribution to the genepool is nil.
Well I can't exactly prove that feral humans will produce offspring, but I would tend to think that if a pack of children grew up together in the wild they would eventually have sex. Nevertheless they wouldn't have morality over murder or rape in all likelihood since those come from human civilisation. In fact I would be curious to know if a group of feral children could survive without self-destructing, and from there if a generational constant would be produced in which case a new culture would be birthed. The good news though is that experiments with feral children ended decades ago. Group morality tended to disapprove over raising children to be feral.
Of course this is all conjecture since a group of feral humans would be welcomed to the world of breaches and other such negative aspects of pregnancy, along with several utterly vicious diseases.
Even if feral children did have off-spring, the morality in terms of murder would still be in place given that the underlying instinctial desire for the group to survive was in place. Just like in every other animal "group", or herd, you wouldn't expect the feral children from a particular "group" to accept murder as ok, because it is a counter-intuitive behaviour in the face of that instinct to keep the "group" alive. However, they may happily kill others from outside their group, because as MrGeezer has been saying, other people would come under the category of THEM. I think that when you look at the situation of feral children, you're really just moving far back into the evolution of human social interaction. While within that group rape might not be an immediate "wrong", given time (generations, for example) it may eventually be realized that rape, while with no apparent immediate proof of being "wrong", can easily lead to something such as murder within the group due to revenge or something similar, which would be percieved as wrong as per the necessity to maintain the group as a whole. Rape may also be realized to have a negative overall effect on group morale, which would also potentially have a negative overall effect on the longetivity of the group.
I don't know exactly how much sense I have made, but basically I'm trying to say that even things such as murder and rape, and even in such circumstances as feral children, can be explained to be "right" or "wrong" in terms of MrGeezer's concept (one which I share). However, I also acknowledge moral relativism as being very relevant. If the concept I believe in is actually correct, then presumably any action which is considered to be "right" or "wrong" is so because it has somehow been connected, whether positively or negatively, to the ideal of maintaining the "group". Obviously, then, different "groups" (and people within those groups) will potentially have different perceptions as to what is detrimental and what is benificial to the group, whether directly or indirectly, based on circumstance and what each person consideres to be their "group". If one set of groups have found that rape results in murder within the group, it probably becomes taboo, whereas in another group rape may not result in murder (for whatever reason), and thus it is treated with indifference in this respect (or may even become percieved as benificial). Once certain perceptions are maintained for long enough, they may become integrated into the culture of the group, and thus certain perceptions will become much more consistant throughout the group. Now the definition of the "group" is also important - if Hitler did not percieve communists to be amongst "them", then he possibly would never have attacked the Russians. Furthermore, if Hitler was not only concerned about the Aryan race, but also the Slavs, then he certainly wouldn't have attacked the Russians, because they would be considered to be "us". Ultimately, it would seem that people's perceptions of being members within different groups are prioritized somehow, and loyalty to one group or another boils down to circumstance, past experiences etc.
I think I just went on another tangent, but either way, I suppose I describe my belief of how morality works as the concept of destroying "us", the group, being a well defined central point or "wrong", and then every other type of behaviour forms fuzzy edges around this point, and moral relativity determines for each person whether or not particular behaviours connect, whether directly or indirectly, with this underlying "wrong" behaviour.
Mind you, I think that this fundamentally crucial "wrong" of destroying "us" has been defined in us as an instinctial thing - the most important element of the so-called desire to survive. Thus I must say that the idea that there is no reason for "solid" right or wrong to exist in any form is not correct. As far as I'm concerned, the element of relativism is which group and what circumstances you consider yourself to be under IN TERMS OF THE UNDERLYING "WRONG" OF DESTROYING "US" - however such an element of relativism is as obvious and intuitive as, say, whether or not you're happy or sad about being on one side or the other in a sports game where one team has lost and another has won.
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