Lack of natural resorces and it had largely a nomad population until recently. There were areas of Africa which were extremely rich, i seem to remember Madagascar was pretty rich.markop2003Africa especially North Africa used to be one of the most prosperous places in the world. Under the Roman Empire Carthage exported goods all across the Mediterranean and it formed an integral part in the supply of Rome with food. Following the collapse of the Empire in the West N africa continued to prosper for a time, so it's definately not true that it always used to be that way. In modern times a combination of colonialism, lack of ecducation and other factors has hampered its development. Having said that though when I was setting up my pension my financial advisor told me that while most investments are being poured into China and India a few people who are more willing to take a risk are investing in Africa, as it has the potential to become economically powerful.
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