I see the argument came up, yet again, trying to label atheism as a religion.
Firstly, let's establish what a religion actually is.
Dictionary.com defines "religion" as:
1. a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs.
2. a specific fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a number of persons or sects: the Christian religion; the Buddhist religion.
3. the body of persons adhering to a particular set of beliefs and practices: a world council of religions.
5. the practice of religious beliefs; ritual observance of faith.
6. something one believes in and follows devotedly; a point or matter of ethics or conscience:
So, let's dig deeper.
1. Does atheism contain a core set of beliefs? I think this is the biggest point here, so let's establish this first. Firstly, Buddhism is in general, an atheistic religion. It has no real central God or deity per se, and only focuses on the practice of a set of beliefs and rituals (philosophically at least, Buddhism to most practising Buddhists definitely has a deity they worship, regardless of what a Westerner or academic might claim otherwise).
Now, if Buddhism is defined as "atheism" then does that make all atheists Buddhists? Secular atheists agree upon many things, especially through science, but there is no agreement with regards to the second half of this definition. There is no superhuman agencies, devotional or ritual observances, nor overarching moral code that is common among all atheists. For atheism to "be a religion" it would require these things.
2. As covered in point #1, there is no fundamental set of beliefs shared among all atheists. They have highly variable moral/ethical values (i.e. some might be against software piracy while others are not), they have no shared political affiliation, and for the most part, they do no congregate on a regular basis to practice any shared rituals.
3. Now we are seeing a common thread within these definitions. Shared beliefs among a group of people. Aside from a lack of belief in a deity/the supernatural/etc, what do atheists actually share amongst themselves? They come from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds, they all have differing opinions about most non-religious affairs and many are outwardly non-religious (lacking any real practice of any religious rituals or beliefs).
5. I think the phrase "ritual observance of faith" best sums up religion in the smallest sentence possible. A ritual observance is something that would be learned through traditional practice, and faith is something an atheist definitely does not have. Faith is belief without evidence, and generally (not including religious atheists like Buddhists), atheists lack belief in anything that would require faith. They use science, logic and reason to come to conclusions about themselves and the universe.
6. This last point is one that I thought also important. In general, a secular atheist does not hold their beliefs "devotedly". They would gladly believe/accept something as fact if given sufficient evidence for it's existence. Most tend to lack belief in a God or the supernatural for the sole reason that there is no evidence to support it's existence. And this is regardless of what any religionist might believe to be the case.
Something not covered in this dictionary definition is a shared holy text among the group. Very commonly, a religion is defined by a set of values laid down in an ancient holy text that is usually written in a dead language and can only be effectively translated and transmitted through often-times deity-appointed officials. Only in the past couple hundred years, and the advent of the printing press and Renaissance secularism, has the academic study of religion opened the doors for outsiders to learn about a religion's inner workings.
In conclusion, we can define religion as:
1) A unified set of affirmative beliefs in deities and/or supernatural agencies that comments about the origin and nature of the universe, shared by a group of people.
2) A set of ritual observances practiced devotedly by a group of people.
3) A set of moral and/or ethical values ascribed to by a group of people.
4) A set of beliefs revealed in a holy text, passed down through generations as the "source" of all the beliefs and practices.
Does atheism fulfill these defining points?
Note: "The God Delusion" by Richard Dawkins or "god is not GREAT" by Christopher Hitchens do not qualify as holy texts.
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