I oppose the death penalty under basically all circumstances. I won't go into the moral reasons, but empirical data has been very shaky on the effectiveness of the deterrence effect of the death penalty, while costs from a legal standpoint of the death penalty make it simply not worth using. I recommend reading "Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s" (Levitt, 2004), it gives a good overview of what the main contributors to the decline in crime were, what commonly are thought to contribute to the decline in crime but don't seem to have much effect, with references to relevant literature in case you want to read the original sources yourself. The relevant portion for this thread is:
In the 1980s, a total of 117 prisoners were put to death in the United States. That number more than quadrupled to 478 in the 1990s. The debate over the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent has been ongoing for three decades. Ehrlich (1975, 1977) presented early evidence arguing in favor of a deterrent effect. A number of critics demonstrated the sensitivity of the Ehrlich Ž ndings to seemingly minor changes in speciŽ cation (Forst, Filatov and Klein, 1978; Passell and Taylor, 1977; Leamer, 1983; Cameron, 1994). A series of more recent studies that incorporate data from the 1990s, however, have tended to once again Ž nd a deterrent effect (Dezhbakhah, Rubin and Shepherd, 2002; Mocan and Gittings, 2003).
Largely lost in this debate, however, are two important facts (Katz, Levitt and Shustorovich, 2003). First, given the rarity with which executions are carried out in this country and the long delays in doing so, a rational criminal should not be deterred by the threat of execution. Despite increases in capital punishment in recent years, the likelihood of being executed conditional on committing murder is still less than 1 in 200. Even among those on death row, the annual execution rate is only 2 percent, or twice the death rate from accidents and violence among all American men. Among the subsample of individuals engaged in illegal activities, the death rates are likely to be much higher. Levitt and Venkatesh (2000) report a death rate of 7 percent annually for street-level drug sellers in the gang they analyze. Kennedy, Piehl and Braga (1996) estimate violent death rates to be 1–2 percent annually among all gang members in Boston. It is hard to believe the fear of execution would be a driving force in a rational criminal's calculus in modern America. Second, even taking as given very large empirical estimates of the Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s 175 deterrent impact of the death penalty-such as Ehrlich's (1975) classic estimate of seven murders deterred per execution or Mocan and Gittings (2003) estimate of six murders deterred per execution-the observed increase in the death penalty from 14 executions in 1991 to 66 in 2001 would eliminate between 300 and 400 homicides, for a reduction of 1.5 percent in the homicide rate, or less than one-twenty-Ž fth of the observed decline in the homicide rate over this time period. Moreover, any deterrent effect from such executions cannot explain the decline in other crimes. Given the way the death penalty is currently practiced in the United States, it is extremely unlikely that it exerts signiŽ cant in uence on crime rates.
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