I know this isn't about the summons, but here's some neat one based off of weapons, if no one minds :). I just wanted to help some. :)
Excalibur - Excalibur is the Mythical sword of King Arthur. The King obtained the sword from The Lady of the Lake after breaking his first sword in a fight with King Pellinore. The Lady of the Lake calls the sword "Excalibur, that is as to say as Cut-steel."
As Arthur lay dying, he tells Sir Bedivere to cast the sword back into the lake. Before the sword strikes the water's surface, the hand of the Lady of the Lake reaches up to grasp it and pull it under. Arthur leaves on a death barge with the three queens to the Isle of Avalon, where as his legend says, he will one day return to save Britain from a threat.
Joyeuse - In European folklore, Joyeuse was the sword of Charlemagne (King of the Franks and Lombards from 768-814 CE), one of the few notable figures from Europe during the Dark Ages. It became popular in legends and tales during the Middle Ages. According to these stories, it was forged from the Spear of Longinus, whose blade was forged into the sword's pommel. In the Medieval story Song of Roland, the sword was said to change its color 30 times a day. It is supposedly buried with Charlemagne. Joyeuse means "joyful". The Spear of Longinus in the pommel is said to be the spear that pierced Jesus Christ while on the cross in Christian literature.
Ulfhedinn axe - In Norse mythology, the Ulfhedinn (Norse for "wolf-coat") were the Berserkers who fought for King Harald. Berserkers were savage warriors who acted like wild animals and were garbed in animal skins. Berserkers traditionally wore bearskins (from which their name derives), though the Ulfhedinn seem to be a slightly different category of Berserker. They appeared in King Harald's Saga, Vatnsdoela Saga, and the Hrafnsmal. This mythology explains why Additional Effect vs. hounds: Ice Damage exists as a feature on it (Berserkers originated from Scandinavia and since there are no wolves in FFXI, the Hounds are the closest thing to wolves).
Murasame - Muramasa (Murasame is a bastardization of Muramasa, though is a more common rendering in present decades) was a historic Japanese swordsmith from Ise Province in the late 16th-early 17th century CE during the early Edo Period. Muramasa, though brillant, was considered insane (sort of an archetype of the mad scientist merged with a swordmaker). He fell out of favor when the Shogunate was created due to his weapons killing many of the Shogun's friends and a Muramasa blade even wounding the Shogun once (they were renowned for their sharpness). As such, the Shogun forbade his Samauri from wearing Muramasa blades. In Japanese legend, a Muramasa blade placed in a stream would cut a leaf or fish flowing down the stream's current if they were in its path. The two halves of the leaf would then float around the blade (as opposed to a Masamune blade). In this story, a passing monk noted Muramasa had a fine sword, but it was an evil, bloodthirsty blade that doesn't discrimate what it cuts, noting "It may just as well be cutting down butterflies as severing heads". It eventually came to be thought of as a demonic blade, cursed with having to draw blood after it is drawn before it can be returned to its sheath and it was also purported to generate a bloodlust in those who wield it. As such, it was supposedly wielded by evil characters. In legend, Muramasa was made a student or rival swordsmith of Masamune (historical embellishment since Muramasa lived about 2 centuries after Masamune). Muramasa and Masamune's blades were often contrasted with one another.
Additional Note: Murasame has no relation to either Muramasa or Masamune. The sword is oringinally referenced in a famous 19th century fictional work, the Nanso Satomi Hakkenden. In this series, the blade of the Murasame is constantly wet, allowing it to cut more smoothly and preventing it from binding. This reference can be seen in the added effect: water damage of this sword.
Masamune - Masamune was one of Japan's most famous swordsmiths. He lived in the early-mid 14th century during the late Kamakura Period. Blades made by Masamune had a reputation for superior quality as well as for beauty of design. This was considered remarkable for a time when katanas and other blades were made from impure metal. In Japanese legend, a Masamune blade placed into a stream would not cut any leaf or fish crossing its path; all would be deflected around the blade (as opposed to a Muramasa blade). In this story, a passing Monk noted Masamune had a finer sword than Muramasa, since it doesn't harm innocent things or creatures nor anyone or anything undeserving of being harmed. It was considered a holy blade wielded by virtuous characters. As such, it was wielded by warriors who have mastered inner peace.
Mjollnir - Thor's Hammer in Norse mythology. It was the feared weapon of Thor and was used to kill anyone who challenged the Æsir (Norse gods). Thor killed many giants with Mjollnir. When thrown, Mjollnir would function like a boomerang and return to the thrower. At Ragnarok, Thor would use this hammer to slay Jormungand. Mjollnir means "that which crushes and grinds to dust".
Gungnir - In Norse mythology, Gungnir (also Gungni, Gungner, or Gungrir) was the name of Odin's javelin. The javelin's name means "Unwavering One" for it always hit its mark. It has the practical characteristic of always hitting the target it was hurled against (which explains why it has +20 accuracy.) According to Snorri Sturluson's Skáldskaparmál, the javelin was fashioned by the dwarves known as the Sons of Ivaldi under the mastery of the blacksmith dwarf Dvalin. It was obtained from the dwarves by Loki as a partial reparation for his theft of Sif's hair. Loki was the person who gave the spear to Odin in a contest where Odin was the judge. The war between the Aesir and the Vanir officially started when Odin threw a javelin over the heads of an assembly of Vanir gods. Whether or not this was Gungnir is unclear. This magical weapon symbolizes the importance of the javelin in the world view of the Norsemen.
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