Lansdowne5 said:
Basically, Salvation is our eternal deliverence. It is eternal deliverence from God's wrath, i.e - judgement on us because of our sins:"Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him." - Romans 5:9
Salvation occurs through Faith in Christ. We are truly saved when we believe and put full trust in Jesus, and turn from our sinful past through repentance:"For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek." - Romans 1:16
"Universal" salvation is the belief that EVERYONE will be saved. Regardless of works, faith, or whatever you do in your life, it is the assertion that all will, eventually, be saved and thus allowed into Heaven.
This is contrary to so many verses of Scripture, for example, both John 14:6, and Acts 4:12 state that the only way we can be truly saved is through faith in Christ.
I have already discussed these verses in detail and have discussed why I do not at all get from them what you say I ought to get from them. But that is another discussion.
Lansdowne5 said:
One claim of these such "universalists" is that the original Greek manuscripts of the Bible don't teach eternal damnation for those who reject Christ. They say that "eternal" is a mistranslation, and as evidence declare that up to the 3rd century A.D it was commonly taught that punishment in hell was not forever.
There are a few things to consider here:
1. Not all verses which speak of eternal punishment actually translate as "eternal". Some translate as "for the ages of ages", or "forever and ever". They all derive from different states of the word "aion", and granted, on its own it can simply mean a long period of time, or in fact an unspecified length of time.However, just like when examing a written section of our own language, we must take into account the words which surround it in the sentences where eternal damnation is spoken of.
"Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory FOREVER AND EVER. Amen," - 1 Timothy 1:17
"To Him who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, be blessing and honor and glory and dominionFOREVER AND EVER" - Revelation 5:13
"And a second time they said, "Hallelujah! Her smoke rises upFOREVER AND EVER" - Revelation 19:3
"And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and nightFOREVER AND EVER," - Revelation 20:10
The phrase "forever and ever" in each of the verses above is translated from the phrase "aionas ton aionon" which literally means "ages of ages".If you take "aionas" on its own, it can mean anything ranging from a short period of time to eternity, as demonstrated in other passages of Scripture which use the same word to describe a coming time, or a past time.However, coupled 'with' "aionas" in these instances we have "ton aionon", which there can be no doubt DOES mean eternal. The way we would word it is "in a time (aionas) which will last forever (ton aionon).
No, it doesn't mean eternal. You can stick aionas with aionon (note: notaionion!) all you want; neither of those words ever means "eternity". The phrase eis aionas ton aionon is correctly translated as "for ages and ages" or "for eons and eons". Both aionas and aionon come from the word aion, which is the word from which the English word "eon" derives. It never means "eternity"; having it in the form of aionas ton aionon does not change that fact.
Even the very idea that aionas ton aionon could mean "eternity" is nonsensical for a very simple reason that was even illustrated in your post: aionas and aiononare plural - the literal translation of aionas ton aionon is "ages of the ages" (again, as was even shown in your post). If aion truly could mean "eternity", then you would have to translate that as "eternities of the eternities", which makes no sense - you can't have more than one eternity. Greek is a very precise language; to translate aionas ton aionon into something that has no plural in sight is to have fundamentally misunderstood the Greek text.
You want even more evidence? Here is a verse that makes use of that same wording:
"About the Son he says, 'Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever (eis aiona tou aionos), and righteousness will be the scepter of your kingdom.'" (Hebrews 1:8 )
But - hold on - the Son is Jesus, and the Bible very clearly says that his rule will end and that his throne will be handed to the Father:
"Then the end will come, when [Jesus] hands over the kingdom to God the Father after he has destroyed all dominion, authority and power. .... When he has done this, then the Son himself will be made subject to [the Father] who put everything under him, so that God may be all in all." (1 Corinthians 15:24,28 )
Thus we reach the conclusion I have said all along: that phrase means precisely what it says in Greek, and what it says in Greek is most assuredly not "for eternity".
And as another note, I should also bring attention to the Greek word translated into "torment" in Revelation 20:10, which you have quoted there. That word is basanizo, which quite literally means "to torture; to vex with grievous pains". This is not the word used in Matthew 25:46 to describe the fate of sinners; again, that word is kolasin, which means "correction; punishment; penalty". Very, very different.
Lansdowne5 said:
2. If Hell is not a place where we will be eternally damned, why is it that verses talk of our body and soul being utterly destroyed? Surely if our body and soul are destroyed, we cannot then enter heaven?
"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can DESTROY both soul and body in hell." - Matthew 10:28
"They will be punished with everlasting DESTRUCTION and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the majesty of his power" - 2 Thessalonians 1:9
The person won't be coming back from Hell, their body and soul will be destroyed and they'll be locked in a state of eternal torture forever and ever.
If you look at the original Greek, you will find that this has a very different meaning than it appears to hold - very similar to the point that the word kolasis refers not to torture, but to a corrective punishment.
The original Greek word that has been translated into "destroy" in Matthew 10:28 is apollumi. It is, in fact, the exact same word translated to "lost" in this verse:
"And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with me; for I have found my sheep which was lost (apollumi)?" (Luke 15:6)
If this word were so final as you claim, then how, precisely, could something be taken back out of the state in which it was rendered? The word is not final at all; indeed, the use of the word apollumi corroborates the idea that one's time in hell is finite.
It also happens to be the same word as used here, too:
"(Jesus) answered, "I was sent only to the lost (apollumi) sheep of Israel." (Matthew 15:24)
Clearly, if Jesus was sent to those people, it would seem rather evident to me that God is not using apollumi as a word signifying any sort of finality at all, unless you wish to assert that the lost sheep of Israel can never be found and that Jesus was sent in vain.
The word in 2 Thessalonians 1:9 is a little different, although it has the same origins as apollumi. That word is olethros. And it, too, has a similar nonfinal meaning as apollumi. See here another use of it that clearly displays what it really means:
"When you are assembled in the name of our Lord Jesus and I am with you in spirit, and the power of our Lord Jesus is present, hand this man over to Satan, so that the sinful nature may be destroyed (olethros)and his spirit saved (!) on the day of the Lord." (1 Corinthians 5:4-5, emph. added)
Olethros does not mean destruction as in laying something to waste, but rather the destruction of what is bad in preparation for a renewal, for the replacement of the bad with good. Thus olethros is very much akin to kolasis - it is something that the person will certainly not enjoy at the time, but it is something whose intent is to purify the soul, not destroy it utterly.
And as for the word "everlasting" in 2 Thessalonians 1:9, that is aionion again. Indeed, its use combined with the use of olethros, a word that most certainly does not signify anything final, is even more evidence in favor of the idea that aionion properly translated does not mean "everlasting" or "eternal".
Lansdowne5 said:
3. If eternal punishment is not taught, does this mean that eternal life is not taught either?
You cannot claim that verses which speak of eternal punishment are wrong, yet claim that verses which speak of eternal life are correct. As I demonstrated in the examples above the same wording is used to refer to everything - eternal damnation, eternal sacrifice, God's eternal nature, and eternal life through Christ.
"And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal." - Matthew 25:46
Already covered in a previous post: neither is referring to eternal anything. That doesn't mean that eternal life is preached nowhere, but Matthew 25:46 is not the verse doing so. In Matthew 25:31-46, the point in time being described is Jesus' return - note that it says talks about "the Son of Man com[ing] in all his glory". What is being described is precisely what is described in this verse as well:
"Now I say to the rest of you in Thyatira, to you who do not hold to her teaching and have not learned Satan's so-called deep secrets (I will not impose any other burden on you): Only hold on to what you have until I come. To him who overcomes and does my will to the end, I will give authority over the nations." (Revelations 2:26)
And, as the Bible tells us, this is most certainly within time, since Jesus' reign will come to an end:
"Then the end will come, when he hands over the kingdom to God the Father after he has destroyed all dominion, authority and power." (1 Corinthians 15:24)
Since the point being described in Matthew 25:31-46 exists within time, it cannot possibly be eternal life that Jesus is talking about in that verse, because "eternal" necessarily refers to something existing external to time.
And as for God's eternal nature, you will find that God's power and divine nature are described in the Bible as aidios, notaionios. Aidios is the word that means "eternal" in the Greek during the time at which the Bible was written; aionios is simply the adjectival form of aion - a time span of undefined but nonetheless finite length.
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