Lets see:
1. People are always looking for answers, whenever objective knowledge and experience fail to explain something, we turn to the metaphysical, peranormal, etc. for answers.
2. Fear of death is one of the most integral parts of human nature, no one. Also, humans aspire for something "greater", they want their lives to have some purpose, a direction of some sort; if the spiritual and supernatural don't exist, if there's no higher force to govern the world and nothing after death, then you are left with the idea that our lives are meaningless, there's no purpose or objective, and in the end nothing you do matters because it will all end when you die, and many people just can't deal with that, they want to feel important, "special" in some way, any way.
This fear of death and the hopelesness that results from the idea that there's no meaning or objective in life combine to make people seek hope, solace, in entities such as the "all-loving" christian God, who is considered a father, a protector, a guiding light; and meaning, in concepts such as heaven and hell, which mean everything doesn't just end when we die, and we can look forward to not just "not ending", but even living for all eternity in bliss alongside the most glorious being in existence.
Basically what this concepts do is provide people with great hope and a purpose, it makes people feel their lives are worth something and somehow special, it gives them a reason to try and be better human beings, and it gives them something to live for and to look forward to, no matter how dark or difficult their present circumstances might seem. That's why religion is so powerful and has so many devout (even extreme) followers, and why it can in fact drastically change a life, few things can give someone so much inner peace and strenght (hence the mighty resolve and absolute certainty true believers show). All this in and of itself is not a bad thing, religion greatly helps those who practice it, the problem is when this amazing power is corrupted and used for the benefit of a few people (high ranking catholic church officials living in great luxury, with the Vatican being the wealthiest state in the world), for political purposes, to control what people think and what is accepted in society (in it's most extreme form: the Inquisition), to wage wars, etc.
3. As for why religion hasn't gone away and the prophets you mention: well, considering it's great power and how much it helps people be stronger and deal with their problems, it really doesn't matter if it's true or not, it's not going anywhere anytime soon, and because it becomes such an integral part of people's lives and a foundation to keep them from collapsing (keeping away the thoughts of lack of meaning, giving them purpose and something to look forward to, etc.), they obviously believe it to be completely true, flawless and infallible, and they start seeing proof of god everywhere to back up this belief (they see god everywhere because they want him to be everywhere). Pretty much anything could be seen as proof of god, from the universe itself to the bible, so the prophets you speak of may have seen or heard something entirely different, but since they were devout believers, they decided to interpret it as some sort of divine message, we may never know...
Phew... That was nice, it's been a while since I felt like actually contributing something to these threads. :PÂ
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