OMG, not this crap again :roll:navyguy21
What can you say? Fanboys like buying into crap like these.
This topic is locked from further discussion.
Man, Sony brainwashed the hell out of these cows.:lol:
"Teh powerz of teh cell, it only does everything!":roll:
mitu123
Sad but funny :lol:
Of course PS3 is untapped, even with God of War 3 and Uncharted 2, according to hardcore fans. I mean it'll be untapped in 3 years time when Sony fans still have their head up their you know what.
[QUOTE="mitu123"]Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core. All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:|I can't believe some people are saying the Cell is far more powerful than a quad core, a quad core has 4 main cores while the Cell only has one main core with like 7 SPES, and a SPE surely isn't the same as a PPE(main core).
Maybe more than a weak quad core, but a 3.4 ghz quad core, not really.
Odrec
Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core. All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:|[QUOTE="Odrec"][QUOTE="mitu123"]
I can't believe some people are saying the Cell is far more powerful than a quad core, a quad core has 4 main cores while the Cell only has one main core with like 7 SPES, and a SPE surely isn't the same as a PPE(main core).
Maybe more than a weak quad core, but a 3.4 ghz quad core, not really.
mitu123
Because Sony said so, and anything Sony says is the truth. All PS3 exclusives are actually in 4D at native 1080p and 120FPS...you're just too much of a fanboy to see it. :P
All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:|[QUOTE="mitu123"]
[QUOTE="Odrec"] Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core.EndorphinMaster
Because Sony said so, and anything Sony says is the truth. All PS3 exclusives are actually in 4D at native 1080p and 120FPS...you're just too much of a fanboy to see it. :P
I'm still waiting for those games.:PI'm still waiting for those games.:P[QUOTE="EndorphinMaster"]
Because Sony said so, and anything Sony says is the truth. All PS3 exclusives are actually in 4D at native 1080p and 120FPS...you're just too much of a fanboy to see it. :P
mitu123
Still working on 4D I'm afraid, but I've cracked the other two ;)
All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:|
mitu123
Saying it's more powerful is highly misleading, a better description would be it is more specialized. Cell kicks a traditional CPU's butt in number crunching, but a typical quad core walks all over Cell in a broad range of work.
Think of Cell as being a CPU/GPU hybrid, offering general purpose and number crunching capability in one component; but being the best at neither. A GPU easily beats Cell at number crunching and a CPU easily beats it in general purpose performance, but Cell can combine the two and do stuff neither a GPU or CPU could do on their own.
Of course that is changing with GPGPU, getting the best of both worlds.
Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core. All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:| That's why I asked for you to look into stuff like SIMD and MIMD processing. The computer world is steadily shifting to a parallelized way of doing things. That happened when it was no longer possible to make smaller CPUs that would shorten the processing time. Once that was dealt with they started thinking in hardware level parallelizing and not only instruction level so we saw the rise of multiple core processors. Of course the programming paradigm is different so programs made for single core processors were not going to be benefited by the multiple cores. Developers had to take advantage of the new paradigm in order for the true power to show. In that way you could say that single core was the same or even more powerful than the multiple cores but that was not it. The thing is that the potential of the multiple cores is much greater but you have to unleash it which is much more complex than programming for single cores. The same is happening now, multiple core processors are an advantage but the processing speed is not rising as fast as it was during the single core days because adapting programs to these new multiple cores is difficult. So then they realized GPUs where indeed growing in speed fast enough like in the old days and that they could use their multiple (but simple) core architecture to process large amounts of data with simple instructions at high speeds. The Cell was an approach that combined the best of both worlds, it has the means to handle more basic traditional programming and the new paradigm that handles a lot of data with simple instructions in very efficient ways. Of course a quad core will be adapted to more programs right now because the architecture is more traditional and like in the single core days, everything was made in one way. But if you adapt your programs to the Cell architecture chances are they are going to run faster just because the Cell has much more processing power, what changes is the paradigm. There are things that you'll never be able to adapt efficiently to an architecture like the Cell in much the same way there are things you can't adapt well enough to multiple cores and are going to run better in a single core always. In the end that doesn't mean a single core is more powerful. The power is measured in processing speed in the end and a quad core lags considerably behind the Cell for their particular processing paradigms.[QUOTE="Odrec"][QUOTE="mitu123"]
I can't believe some people are saying the Cell is far more powerful than a quad core, a quad core has 4 main cores while the Cell only has one main core with like 7 SPES, and a SPE surely isn't the same as a PPE(main core).
Maybe more than a weak quad core, but a 3.4 ghz quad core, not really.
mitu123
[QUOTE="mitu123"]All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:| That's why I asked for you to look into stuff like SIMD and MIMD processing. The computer world is steadily shifting to a parallelized way of doing things. That happened when it was no longer possible to make smaller CPUs that would shorten the processing time. Once that was dealt with they started thinking in hardware level parallelizing and not only instruction level so we saw the rise of multiple core processors. Of course the programming paradigm is different so programs made for single core processors were not going to be benefited by the multiple cores. Developers had to take advantage of the new paradigm in order for the true power to show. In that way you could say that single core was the same or even more powerful than the multiple cores but that was not it. The thing is that the potential of the multiple cores is much greater but you have to unleash it which is much more complex than programming for single cores. The same is happening now, multiple core processors are an advantage but the processing speed is not rising as fast as it was during the single core days because adapting programs to these new multiple cores is difficult. So then they realized GPUs where indeed growing in speed fast enough like in the old days and that they could use their multiple (but simple) core architecture to process large amounts of data with simple instructions at high speeds. The Cell was an approach that combined the best of both worlds, it has the means to handle more basic traditional programming and the new paradigm that handles a lot of data with simple instructions in very efficient ways. Of course a quad core will be adapted to more programs right now because the architecture is more traditional and like in the single core days, everything was made in one way. But if you adapt your programs to the Cell architecture chances are they are going to run faster just because the Cell has much more processing power, what changes is the paradigm. There are things that you'll never be able to adapt efficiently to an architecture like the Cell in much the same way there are things you can't adapt well enough to multiple cores and are going to run better in a single core always. In the end that doesn't mean a single core is more powerful. The power is measured in processing speed in the end and a quad core lags considerably behind the Cell for their particular processing paradigms. Damn, a cow outsmarted me, never knew there were smart cows in SW. After reading that, I can see why the Cell is praised upon by cows.[QUOTE="Odrec"] Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core.Odrec
[QUOTE="navyguy21"][QUOTE="Odrec"] Now are we talking about PCs? PCs can have millions of different configurations and a PC is not only the processor. I was comparing processors only since it's obvious that a good PC is potentially more powerful than any console configuration right now. Talking processor-wise the Cell is a more powerful processing unit than most commercial ones out there.Martin_G_Nno, dont try to change the configurations. We are talkin about the processors themselves. The Cell is not, will not, and cannot be better than a quad core when it comes to game development...........bottom line dude.A console CPU has been specifically made to handle media, while a PC CPU is a better all rounder. The PS2's CPU was just 300MHZ, but it was alot faster than a PC CPU at higher clock speeds. A 2.0GHZ pentium 4 could do 8 G.flops, and the PS2 was'nt far behind, it could do 6G.flops @ 300MHZ. The Xbox's old pentium@733MHZ could only do 1.5G.flops. A console CPU usually has a faster calculating processor. The i7 can do 53G.flops, and the PS3's cell is around 156G.flops with it's 6 spu's.
Intel Core i7 XE 975 at 3.33 GHz will give you 101 GFLOPS (SGEMM 4K x 4K ).
IBM PowerXCell 8i (Cell, 65nm) will give you 164 GFLOPS (SGEMM 4K x 4K). This CELL version includes 8 SPEs and fixed 64bit FP processing. PS3's CELL is gimped i.e. slow 64bit FP processing and missing 1 SPE.
Xbox 360 PPE X3's SGEMM scores wouldn't be pretty i.e. half speed and small L2 cache.
Both the PC and Xbox 360 follows heavy FP workloads being off-loaded to the GpGPU (with atleast gather/scatter features).
ATI Radeon HD 3870(RV670) with 320 SPs reaches ~300 GFLOPS (SGEMM). http://developer.amd.com/gpu_assets/IUCAA_Pune_PEEP_2008.pdf
Mainstream ATI Radeon HD 4600(RV730)is fundamentally an 8 ROPs version RV670.
ATI Radeon HD 4870(RV770) with 800 SPs reaches ~1TFLOPs (SGEMM 4K x 4K, ~81 percent from peak). http://forum.beyond3d.com/showthread.php?t=54842
Note that, SGEMM = 32bit FP and DGEMM = 64bit FP.
Look out the benchmarks for Cell against current quadcore CPUs, the Cell beats the crap out of them in processing power. That a game is going to use that power is not the matter and "it depends" as the developer says. But the POTENTIAL (please take a minute or two to understand this) of the machine makes the PS3 more powerful plain and simple. ;)OdrecIf you seriously think the Cell in the PS3 out performs a quad core CPU, then you have lost the little credibility that you may have had :|
CPU's ability @ number crunching means squat in the game development arena. Quad core CPU runs circles around the Cell in geneal purpose processing dude. Just stop please........youre digging a hole :|
Maybe you're the one who needs to inform yourself a little bit before talking. How do you know that what the Cell can do means squat in the game development area when you're NOT a game developer and many game developers have said that the PS3 is a more powerful console? Here is a benchmark of the Cell against general purpose CPUs. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/power/library/pa-cellperf/#sec3 The Cell BE is a best-of-breed design that delivers significant computational power, high bandwidth, excellent power and performance, and leading area efficiency within the constraints of a process technology. With eight decoupled SPU SIMD engines, each with dedicated resources including DMA channels, the Cell BE has eight times more SIMD capability (for up to 16-way data parallelism) than traditional processors with vector architecture extensions, such as the PPC970 in the G5. The PPE is also free to process other applications even while all SPUs are in use. The Cell BE can perform especially well in cases where a general-purpose processor would normally get tied up by a single SIMD application. With its performance density and efficiency, the Cell BE can outperform leading-edge processors on a variety of workloads by approximately an order of magnitude, in some cases more, when software is tuned and optimized for this architecture. Another news of a Cell-based architectures excelling against a general purpose quad CPU on another different task. http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2008/06/09/spursengine_video_encode/ Maybe for some general purpose task the quad is better but as far as how the machine is capable for gaming it is still more powerful as stated by many actual game developers. To assist SPEs, SpursEngine includes H.264 encoder hardware.For SGEMM type work, CELL is more powerful than an Intel i7 quad core. One of the points for DX10 is to move more graphics stages to the GPU.I can't believe some people are saying the Cell is far more powerful than a quad core, a quad core has 4 main cores while the Cell only has one main core with like 7 SPES, and a SPE surely isn't the same as a PPE(main core).
Maybe more than a weak quad core, but a 3.4 ghz quad core, not really.
mitu123
[QUOTE="mitu123"]Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core.I can't believe some people are saying the Cell is far more powerful than a quad core, a quad core has 4 main cores while the Cell only has one main core with like 7 SPES, and a SPE surely isn't the same as a PPE(main core).
Maybe more than a weak quad core, but a 3.4 ghz quad core, not really.
Odrec
Depends on the parallel processing workload e.g. PS3's CELL vs Intel i7 Quads on DP FP/64bit FP.
Anyway, ATI Radeon HD 4850/5750's DGEMM scores kills both IBM CELL(all types) and Intel Quads (all types).
Well using your logic, how about if the PS3 is holding the 360 back in terms of multiplats since if the devs didn't need to port to PS3, they could spend more time polishing up the game on 360 with titles like Bayonetta already showing this ;) Like the logic reversal???93soccerRefer to your sig :lol:
Also, just adding: Bayonetta was made on the 360 and Sega did the (terrible) PS3 port, leading to the far inferior PS3 version. Not really due to the power of the consoles.
[QUOTE="EndorphinMaster"]
[QUOTE="mitu123"] All I want to know is how teh Cell is much more powerful than the best quad core. And you're asking me questions?:|
mitu123
Because Sony said so, and anything Sony says is the truth. All PS3 exclusives are actually in 4D at native 1080p and 120FPS...you're just too much of a fanboy to see it. :P
I'm still waiting for those games.:P Hmm, Microsoft had already achieved 4D with "the world's first 4D game", Blinx: Time Sweeper.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinx
http://www.microsoft.com/products/info/product.aspx?view=22&pcid=67b43cec-8d84-4dbf-90e4-ccd78367fbdc&type=ovr
Not only that, but the original Xbox also had "the world's first 5D game giving players control over both time and space". ", Blinx 2: Masters Of Time. Microsoft claimed that, not Sony.
http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/preview_170604_Blinx2
http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/xbx/blinx2mastersoftimeandspace
I'm still waiting for those games.:P Hmm, Microsoft had already achieved 4D with "the world's first 4D game", Blinx: Time Sweeper.[QUOTE="mitu123"]
[QUOTE="EndorphinMaster"]
Because Sony said so, and anything Sony says is the truth. All PS3 exclusives are actually in 4D at native 1080p and 120FPS...you're just too much of a fanboy to see it. :P
NukePistols
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinx
http://www.microsoft.com/products/info/product.aspx?view=22&pcid=67b43cec-8d84-4dbf-90e4-ccd78367fbdc&type=ovr
Not only that, but the original Xbox also had "the world's first 5D game giving players control over both time and space". ", Blinx 2: Masters Of Time. Microsoft claimed that, not Sony.
http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/preview_170604_Blinx2
http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/xbx/blinx2mastersoftimeandspace
Time is not dimension :P if not then we got 4D games for long time
Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core.[QUOTE="Odrec"][QUOTE="mitu123"]
I can't believe some people are saying the Cell is far more powerful than a quad core, a quad core has 4 main cores while the Cell only has one main core with like 7 SPES, and a SPE surely isn't the same as a PPE(main core).
Maybe more than a weak quad core, but a 3.4 ghz quad core, not really.
ronvalencia
Depends on the parallel processing workload e.g. PS3's CELL vs Intel i7 Quads on DP FP/64bit FP.
Anyway, ATI Radeon HD 4850/5750's DGEMM scores kills both IBM CELL(all types) and Intel Quads (all types).
I'm pretty aware that the new GPUs destroy pretty much any kind of CPU in matrix multiplication algorithms (and good to know they are taking on double precision now). But I was trying to compare devices that work as central processing units mainly. I'm not very familiar with i7 but I was talking about more common quads like the Core 2 Quad. Of course it depends on the kind of paralellism but the one that matters to measure power are basically measuring FLOPS or DFLOPS IMO.Do you know what SIMD processing is? Please explain how parallel processing works and why current processors are aiming at parallel architectures. The Cell is in sheer processing power much more powerful than a current commercial quad core. Odrec
Depends on the parallel processing workload e.g. PS3's CELL vs Intel i7 Quads on DP FP/64bit FP.
Anyway, ATI Radeon HD 4850/5750's DGEMM scores kills both IBM CELL(all types) and Intel Quads (all types).
I'm pretty aware that the new GPUs destroy pretty much any kind of CPU in matrix multiplication algorithms (and good to know they are taking on double precision now). But I was trying to compare devices that work as central processing units mainly. I'm not very familiar with i7 but I was talking about more common quads like the Core 2 Quad. Of course it depends on the kind of paralellism but the one that matters to measure power are basically measuring FLOPS or DFLOPS IMO. 2007 era ATI Radeon HD 3870(RV670) can handle DP FP/64bit FP operations i.e. 1/4 to 1/2 from 32bit FP peak. It's still capable of smacking STI's CELL and Intel Quads in this area.[QUOTE="Odrec"][QUOTE="navyguy21"] If you seriously think the Cell in the PS3 out performs a quad core CPU, then you have lost the little credibility that you may have had :|Maybe you're the one who needs to inform yourself a little bit before talking. How do you know that what the Cell can do means squat in the game development area when you're NOT a game developer and many game developers have said that the PS3 is a more powerful console? Here is a benchmark of the Cell against general purpose CPUs. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/power/library/pa-cellperf/#sec3 The Cell BE is a best-of-breed design that delivers significant computational power, high bandwidth, excellent power and performance, and leading area efficiency within the constraints of a process technology. With eight decoupled SPU SIMD engines, each with dedicated resources including DMA channels, the Cell BE has eight times more SIMD capability (for up to 16-way data parallelism) than traditional processors with vector architecture extensions, such as the PPC970 in the G5. The PPE is also free to process other applications even while all SPUs are in use. The Cell BE can perform especially well in cases where a general-purpose processor would normally get tied up by a single SIMD application. With its performance density and efficiency, the Cell BE can outperform leading-edge processors on a variety of workloads by approximately an order of magnitude, in some cases more, when software is tuned and optimized for this architecture. Another news of a Cell-based architectures excelling against a general purpose quad CPU on another different task. http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2008/06/09/spursengine_video_encode/ Maybe for some general purpose task the quad is better but as far as how the machine is capable for gaming it is still more powerful as stated by many actual game developers. To assist SPEs, SpursEngine includes H.264 encoder hardware.Optimized H.264 encoding is not very predictable. That's why a good GPGPU implementation of an AVC encoder doesn't exist yet--they're not as good at divergent code.CPU's ability @ number crunching means squat in the game development arena. Quad core CPU runs circles around the Cell in geneal purpose processing dude. Just stop please........youre digging a hole :|
ronvalencia
A console CPU has been specifically made to handle media, while a PC CPU is a better all rounder. The PS2's CPU was just 300MHZ, but it was alot faster than a PC CPU at higher clock speeds. A 2.0GHZ pentium 4 could do 8 G.flops, and the PS2 was'nt far behind, it could do 6G.flops @ 300MHZ. The Xbox's old pentium@733MHZ could only do 1.5G.flops. A console CPU usually has a faster calculating processor. The i7 can do 53G.flops, and the PS3's cell is around 156G.flops with it's 6 spu's.[QUOTE="Martin_G_N"][QUOTE="navyguy21"]no, dont try to change the configurations. We are talkin about the processors themselves. The Cell is not, will not, and cannot be better than a quad core when it comes to game development...........bottom line dude.ronvalencia
Intel Core i7 XE 975 at 3.33 GHz will give you 101 GFLOPS (SGEMM 4K x 4K ).
IBM PowerXCell 8i (Cell, 65nm) will give you 164 GFLOPS (SGEMM 4K x 4K). This CELL version includes 8 SPEs and fixed 64bit FP processing. PS3's CELL is gimped i.e. slow 64bit FP processing and missing 1 SPE.
Xbox 360 PPE X3's SGEMM scores wouldn't be pretty i.e. half speed and small L2 cache.
Both the PC and Xbox 360 follows heavy FP workloads being off-loaded to the GpGPU (with atleast gather/scatter features).
ATI Radeon HD 3870(RV670) with 320 SPs reaches ~300 GFLOPS (SGEMM). http://developer.amd.com/gpu_assets/IUCAA_Pune_PEEP_2008.pdf
Mainstream ATI Radeon HD 4600(RV730)is fundamentally an 8 ROPs version RV670.
ATI Radeon HD 4870(RV770) with 800 SPs reaches ~1TFLOPs (SGEMM 4K x 4K, ~81 percent from peak). http://forum.beyond3d.com/showthread.php?t=54842
Note that, SGEMM = 32bit FP and DGEMM = 64bit FP.
What about the 5000 series? Have these or any of the earlier ones reached 1 TFLOP DGEMM? (Wondering because DP is considered much more important for practical real-world floating-point computation work and because, in comparison, the nVidia Fermi--a specialized GPGPU--is supposed to break 1TFLOP in DP).wow in here there are some guys really informed when it comes to technical stuff...
Personally I always thought that devs get the best out of consoles in their final 2 yrs of life before new consoles come out due to the fact that devs would have probably created 2 - 3 titles and therefore have much more knowlegde on the console's hardware capabilities/limits.. But am not technical so i'll just continue enjoying the many great titles coming out on the consoles i own :)
ll this blah,blah,blah, but everyone seems to forget that the Dev's themselves stated that the CELL is inappropriate for gaming, it has no branch predictors which are essential for gaming, a general purpose CPU is far better for gaming than the CELL this was said many times by many devsdelta3074Isn't branch prediction less necessary for consoles since the environment is more predictable and things can be negotiated ahead of time to minimize the penalty, much as why neither the Cell nor the Xenon support Out-of-Order Execution?
A console CPU has been specifically made to handle media, while a PC CPU is a better all rounder. The PS2's CPU was just 300MHZ, but it was alot faster than a PC CPU at higher clock speeds. A 2.0GHZ pentium 4 could do 8 G.flops, and the PS2 was'nt far behind, it could do 6G.flops @ 300MHZ. The Xbox's old pentium@733MHZ could only do 1.5G.flops. A console CPU usually has a faster calculating processor. The i7 can do 53G.flops, and the PS3's cell is around 156G.flops with it's 6 spu's. Martin_G_N
Intel Core i7 XE 975 at 3.33 GHz will give you 101 GFLOPS (SGEMM 4K x 4K ).
IBM PowerXCell 8i (Cell, 65nm) will give you 164 GFLOPS (SGEMM 4K x 4K). This CELL version includes 8 SPEs and fixed 64bit FP processing. PS3's CELL is gimped i.e. slow 64bit FP processing and missing 1 SPE.
Xbox 360 PPE X3's SGEMM scores wouldn't be pretty i.e. half speed and small L2 cache.
Both the PC and Xbox 360 follows heavy FP workloads being off-loaded to the GpGPU (with atleast gather/scatter features).
ATI Radeon HD 3870(RV670) with 320 SPs reaches ~300 GFLOPS (SGEMM). http://developer.amd.com/gpu_assets/IUCAA_Pune_PEEP_2008.pdf
Mainstream ATI Radeon HD 4600(RV730)is fundamentally an 8 ROPs version RV670.
ATI Radeon HD 4870(RV770) with 800 SPs reaches ~1TFLOPs (SGEMM 4K x 4K, ~81 percent from peak). http://forum.beyond3d.com/showthread.php?t=54842
Note that, SGEMM = 32bit FP and DGEMM = 64bit FP.
What about the 5000 series? Have these or any of the earlier ones reached 1 TFLOP DGEMM? (Wondering because DP is considered much more important for practical real-world floating-point computation work and because, in comparison, the nVidia Fermi--a specialized GPGPU--is supposed to break 1TFLOP in DP). Refer to http://forum.beyond3d.com/showthread.php?t=54842&page=3 Radeon HD 5970 would reached 1 TFLOPs in DP i.e. 512 GFLOPs (2048x2048 DGEMM) per RV870 GPU @ defaults clock speeds. MSI released 1Ghz version RV870 i.e. ~25 percent above normal. http://www.nordichardware.com/news,10536.html[QUOTE="delta3074"]ll this blah,blah,blah, but everyone seems to forget that the Dev's themselves stated that the CELL is inappropriate for gaming, it has no branch predictors which are essential for gaming, a general purpose CPU is far better for gaming than the CELL this was said many times by many devsHuusAskingIsn't branch prediction less necessary for consoles since the environment is more predictable and things can be negotiated ahead of time to minimize the penalty, much as why neither the Cell nor the Xenon support Out-of-Order Execution?less necessary, but still necessary
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