Foreword : A recent PressSpotting article talked about the coverage of professional gaming, which prompted this entry. If you have not read it already, I recommend you do so before reading this. Please note that this is long; I intended to break it up into multiple parts, but felt some questions might be raised in one part that would be addressed in another, so I have submitted it as one entry.
Gaming as sport
One area of contention appears to be simply referring to professional gaming as sport at all. I took a look at wikipedia for some definitions. An excerpt from the Sport entry:
Sport is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Sports commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determiner of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports (a common name for some card games and board games with little to no element of chance) and motor sports where mental acuity or equipment quality are major factors.
According to these criteria, I would consider competitive video gaming to be a little bit of physical capabilities (mainly reaction times and co-ordination) plus a lot of qualities you would need for mind games. Some comments in other related sports articles also seem to be analogous with video games. From Professional Sports:
Most sports played professionally also have amateur players far outnumbering the professionals. Professional athleticism is seen by some as a contradiction of the central ethos of sport, competition performed for its own sake and pure enjoyment, rather than as a means of earning a living.
That sounds pretty analogous to me. I've heard of people who have the skills and opportunity to play professional football, but they choose not to because they didn't want to lose the love of the game; they wanted to play because they loved the game, not because they wanted the big bucks, or were obligated to train and play at certain times. I'm sure there are video gamers who have the skill to be professional gamers, but may not enjoy sticking with one game for an extended period of time to learn all of it's nuances, even if it meant the potential to earn income. They may rather just move on to another game instead.
The entry for poker, which is certainly non-physical, also specifically mentions it as a sport:
Poker's popularity experienced an unprecedented spike at the beginning of the 21st century, largely because of the introduction of online poker and the invention of the hole-card camera, which turned the game into a spectator sport.
Poker is a game of odds, where professional players (presumably) can figure out the odds of certain hands coming up. They also have to consider the play sty1e of other players at their table. I don't see how professional video gaming can be seen much differently. The main difference is that video gamers (in most games at least) are constantly making decisions as opposed to the singular large decisions made in poker, but I think that should be to the gamers credit. Take a first person shooter for example. You could be constantly weighing up which weapons and ammo you have, where your opponents are, where you think your opponents are if you can't see them, which weapons they have, which weapons you want to acquire, and the safest way of doing so, etc. You also have to use your skills of perception to determine how your opponent(s) are playing, and see if there is a particular pattern that you can use to your advantage.
So the evidence is that professional gaming, where players primary goal is to win and earn money at the highest level (regardless of whether they are having fun at the same time or not) could be considered sport. That said, I'm quite content to just call it professional gaming. Note that I think it is quite possible for someone to be exceptional at games without liking them. Before anyone asks why would you bother if that was the case, look at people working in jobs. They do it for the money. I know some people say they like their job, but if they no longer got paid, do they like it enough to make it into a hobby? In most cases, probably not. If someone can be good enough at games to earn money from them, regardless of whether they enjoy it or not, how is that terribly different from a job?
What needs to happen to move forward?
I confess to only have a vague idea about how professional gaming is currently run, but I imagine it is mostly scattered tournaments without any overarching structure. I think the implementation of such structure is what will progress professional gaming over the next decade.
The tournament template I got my inspiration from was from another game; Magic : The Gathering, a collectible card game (hereafter referred to as MTG). I used to play casually, but I did follow coverage of their tournaments, which was known as "The Pro Tour" (note that I haven't followed this for over a year, so this information may be outdated, but still provides a good template). Players would play in regional tournaments, and top players would be invited to Pro Tour events, which I think was about 8 per year. Ranking highly in the Pro events earned you Pro points, and those with sufficient Pro points received automatic invites to future Pro events. Last I recall, Wizards of the Coast (MTG's owner) gave away $2million in prize money each year on the Pro Tour, and began offering free flights to the highest ranked players (Pro Tour events occurred all over the world). They also ran some other tournaments outside of the Pro Tour that complemented it.
The Pro Tour for MTG has one huge advantage over video games; it is a single game owned by one company, and the Pro Tour is governed and funded by that company. Even if we only include high profile ones, hundreds of video games are released by dozens of companies each year.
I don't pretend to know the entire purpose of the ESA, but I think they might be in the prime position to implement the tournament structure. First up, they make a 12 month dollar commitment as prizes. I don't know how much this should be, feasibility studies on all the factors would be required. I'll talk about games selection in a minute, but we will go over structure first.
Players interested in playing a Pro event need to play at regionals. These could be team events or individual (more on that later). Players would need to pay a fee to enter these events. Presumably these fees would cover the prize money and the cost of hosting the event. Also presumably, players would be willing to pay the fee for the chance to not only win some of the prize money at the regional event, but to be invited to a Pro event, where the promise of bigger dollars lie.
Pro events would need to be high profile and well presented, and be an event run like any of the major game days we see. Plenty of big screens for spectators to watch, professional commentators as the game unfolds, and well planned camera cuts between commentators, players and the onscreen action. Perhaps interviews with players after they finish a game to gain some insight as to what they were thinking when they played, how tense it was, and whether they learned anything. To add some variety, other activities could be available to the public. Developers could buy floor space to show off upcoming games, much like current game days. Perhaps the public could play biased matches against some of the Pro players who have been knocked out in early rounds, for example a Pro player vs a team of 2 or 3 in a FPS or RTS game.
To go over a problem I briefly presented earlier, which games are going to be played? That's a tough one. For such an event to survive, the games need to be the ones that people want to play, and that spectators are interested in watching. I expect that some sort of public voting would be required. I think publishers of the games might need to be asked to pony up some cash to sponsor the game, but that could be a challenge. It could also be a great opportunity for developers to preview a new game as an opening exhibition match. Let all the players participating in the event try out the multiplayer in a new game before its release. It gives the game some pretty big exposure, and potentially a game that those Pro players might recommend join the roster of regular games played.
I think figuring out the choice of games, or more importantly how they are chosen, will be the make or break for any such series of events. Remember that these events will have to be planned well in advance, and the games, maps (if applicable) and rules will need to be locked down ahead of schedule. It might be interesting to have each Pro event focus on only one game, and have an annual major event that takes place over a few days, where the gamers play multiple games over different genres, and have points tallied up to determine their success as an overall gamer.
Who is the audience? What do they want to see?
One of the questions raised in the original article was, who is the audience for professional gaming? If it is going to be turned into a spectator event, what is the demographic? I think I'm one of them. In the comments, several people commented that they would rather play games than watch others play them. I think people will watch professional gaming for the same reason some people watch professional physical sports; to witness a display of skill that we can not match. It's also an opportunity to learn tactics from some of the best.
I agree with the person in the article; I would much prefer to watch teams play than individuals. This would show how critical communication is in teamwork, how certain players are designated roles in certain games and how it impacts the teams performance, and generally brings a social aspect to the gaming at hand. This is likely to be more unique to spectators, as they may not have been able to participate in such highly organised teamwork while playing the same game. The most popular physical sports are all team games.
As I said earlier, I think coverage of such events needs to be the right mix of ingame footage, cameras on players, interviews or snippets between rounds/games, and professional commentary. I'd like to hear about what players are thinking about when they are playing or what strategy they will adopt for the next match, I'd like to hear commentators giving us a rundown of what team tactics are being used during play, and I'd like to see recaps of awesome moments in the game.
Closing Notes
Another thing that I think will be part of this evolution is that more game developers will begin to add tournament options into their games. An example of such a feature is Battlecast, which was included in Command & Conquer 3 Tiberium Wars for the PC. Features like the movie making in Halo 3 will be more common place, so players and teams can review their tactics. In addition to standard features such as leaderboard tracking across maps and modes, I'd like to see features that would enhance spectating in the tournament environment. In FPS, an overhead map that displayed the location of all players could give spectators a better idea of the flow of the game. Similarly a fully revealed map on RTS games for a commentator or tournament organiser to explore would be great.
Whether you consider it a sport or not, I think professional gaming is set to grow and gain acceptance. A structured tournament environment would allow both professional players and spectators an easier way to track the world of professional gaming. Perhaps that is one of the factors holding it back; any news we hear about game tournaments is lost on most of us because we can't relate to a bigger overall picture.
What are your thoughts? Do you think an overarching structure to tournaments are the way to grow professional gaming? Is there another way? If we are looking at interlinked series of events, what are the best options for determining which games are going to be played? If you were going to spectate live, what would you like to see? If you were going to spectate from home, what would you like to see?
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